Brick Restoration: A Case Study in Preserving Heritage Buildings
The Project
Preserving heritage buildings is a crucial task that requires careful planning and Vikram Sarabhai Library at the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad is one notable project in this regard. Designed by renowned architect Louis Kahn, this iconic library is known for its architectural vocabulary defined by exposed brickwork and concrete structures. Over time, the building faced decay and deterioration, necessitating urgent restoration measures.
The Approach
The Vikram Sarabhai Library, located within the Indian Institute of Management campus in Ahmedabad, is part of a cluster of buildings that exemplify 20th-century modern heritage. The grandeur of its architecture lies in its extensive brick facades, massive brick arches, and the use of concrete for slabs, lintels, and beams. However, the passage of time and exposure to harsh weather conditions took a toll on the building, necessitating immediate attention and restoration. In this case study, we delve into the meticulous process of brick restoration, highlighting the challenges faced and innovative solutions employed to revive this cultural landmark.
The Products
Dampness Treatment: The recurring dampness in the walls was treated using suitable techniques to prevent further moisture ingress. We applied Guard Hardener RD (Rising Damp) in areas at ground level. The exposed brick work and concrete after restoration was treated with Guard Hardener W for imparting water repellency to tackle deterioration caused by humidity, erosion, infiltration, acid rain, development of micro-organism and germination of parasitic vegetation, etc. The crystalline deposit that forms on the surface of masonry due to the migration of salts, was carefully removed using specialized cleaning products such as Guard Remover Eco Efflorescence and Cement to clean efflorescence and restore the original appearance of the brickwork. We conducted successfully various site trials to test the effectiveness of the recommended products on exposed brick surfaces severely affected by algal/fungal growth and efflorescence.
The Challenges
The restoration process presented several challenges that required innovative solutions. Some of the key challenges included the use of local bricks in the construction of the library were porous, leading to issues such as efflorescence, rising damp, water seepage, and brick spalling. The vertical and horizontal mild steel reinforcements in the brick walls and arches had corroded, resulting in cracks and further deterioration of the brickwork.
The Winning Stroke
The primary focus was on preserving the heritage value of the building while ensuring its functionality and sustainability for future.
The restoration of the Vikram Sarabhai Library stands as a testament to the successful preservation and revival of a significant cultural heritage site. The restoration project of IIM Ahmedabad with the expertise of Somaya and Kalappa Consultants (SNK) and Savani Heritage Conservation Pvt Ltd, safeguards the architectural legacy of Louis Kahn and sets a precedent for preservation of other 20th-century modern heritage buildings. The project’s recognition with UNESCO Award of Distinction underscores its significance in preserving heritage and inspiring future restoration efforts.
By employing specialized cleaners like Guard Remover Eco Efflorescence and Cement as well as the use of breathable products and eco-friendly solutions like Guard Hardener W the restoration process ensures long-lasting protection and sustainable preservation of the library’s brick and concrete structures.
Cleaning with Guard Remover Eco Efflorescence and Cement using a water jet and mechanical scrubbing.
Guard Hardener Rising damp was applied using the injection process for which holes were made at an angle in the brick wall.